#Chimpanzee hand grips manual
The present study addresses one aspect of this deficiency by examining the recruitment of the distal phalanges during a range of manual transportation (i.e., carrying) events related to hominin behavioral repertoires during the Plio-Pleistocene. To date, however, we know little about the influence that other manipulatively demanding behaviors may have had upon the evolution of the human hand. Previous research has predominantly sought to explain the evolution of these capabilities through an adaptive relationship between more modern human-like anatomical features in the upper limb and increased stone tool production and use proficiency. The human hand is unparalleled amongst primates in its ability to manipulate objects forcefully and dexterously. Chimfunshi chimpanzees also use forceful precision grips during daily manipulative tasks, suggesting that this is not a uniquely human ability. Bwindi gorillas show various hand use strategies during the processing of several plant foods. Preliminary results propose that hand grips are similar between gorillas and chimpanzees during the manipulation of common object types. Here, we investigate hand use during locomotor and non-locomotor behaviours in wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda), wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus, Taï National Park, Cote d'Ivoire) and chimpanzees kept under semi-natural conditions (Pan troglodytes ssp., Chimfunshi Wildlife Trust, Zambia). Comparatively little research has been done on hand use in wild primates, especially during natural, non-manipulative activities, including locomo-tion. The majority of this research to date has been done on captive primates performing specific manipulative tasks, which may bias or confound these species comparisons. However, recent research has highlighted a diversity of precision and power grips in general among many non-human primates, and there is much debate around the potential for population-level or species-wide laterality in non-human primates. Comparative studies of primate grasping and manipulative behaviours in captivity have highlighted, among others, two human abilities that are generally considered unique compared with other primates: (1) the use of forceful precision and power squeeze grips involving the use of the thumb, and (2) a species-wide dominant use of one hand (usually the right hand), known as laterality.
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